Chernobyl to run for another 15 years: director general
    
    HELSINKI, Nov 7 (AFP) - The Chernobyl power plant will remain in service
    for at least another 15 years, despite international demands that it be
    dismantled, according to the general director of the plant, Sergei
    Parashin.

    "It is impossible to shut down Chernobyl. You don't shut down a nuclear
    power plant that brings in 200 million dollars a year, delivers
    electricity to millions of people and gives 25,000 people employment,"
    Parashin said in an interview with the Finnish daily Vasabladet.

    The first and third Chernobyl reactors are currently in use. The second
    reactor is under repair after a 1991 fire and is scheduled to start up
    in 1996. The fourth reactor exploded in 1986, causing the worst civil
    nuclear disaster in history.

    Reactors like those at Chernobyl can produce energy for about 30 years.
    Parashin stressed that Chernobyl, which has been in use for 18 years,
    "has another 15 or 16 years to go."

    "There are only two things that can close the plant: one is that it has
    served its 30 years, the other is a political decision to close it," he
    said.

    In May, the Ukrainian government presented a plan aimed at shutting down
    the first and third reactors by 1997 and 1999 respectively, but
    financing has been lacking.

    Parashin argued that Chernobyl can help struggling Ukraine become a
    prosperous state, bringing in 4.7 billion dollars if the power plant
    stays open for 16 more years, according to his calculations.

    "But if Chernobyl is closed, the country will be without that money and
    at the same time, we cannot build a safe sarcophagus around the damaged
    reactor," he said.

    Parashin told Vasabladet it does not make sense to close the best power
    plant operating in the former Soviet Union, and says he is confident
    that a catastrophe like the one in 1986 will not be repeated.

    "We can't be sad and afraid of something that happened ten years ago. We
    have experience now about how to avoid accidents. Chernobyl is the best
    and safest reactor in the former Soviet Union," he said.

    "That which happened ten years ago cannot happen again," he stressed.

    He also dismisseed medical and environmental concerns in the aftermath
    of the 1986 disaster.

    "Chernobyl has had large psychological effects. The accident has caused
    sick souls, not bodies," he said.

Kedves Kornyeszek!

a hetvegen kicsit megdobbento elmenyben volt reszem, es ezzel 
kapcsolatban szeretnek egy kis kozvelemeny-qtatast vegezni.  

az esemeny a kovetkezo:  egy nagyon kedves, roppant intelligens magyar 
postdoc erkezett  a napokban berkeleybe.  barataimmal kalauzolgatjuk, 
segitunk neki. a hetvegen dumaltunk, es a beszelgetes kozben 
valahogy a globalis felmelgedesre esett a szo. a fiu teljesen meglepodve 
nezett ram, mikor mondtam, hogy eloszor tunik ugy, hogy statisztikailag 
is bizonyitani lehet a melegedo tendenciat.  teljesen meglepodott, 
mirol beszelek, mi az a globalis felmelegedes.  Kerdezte, mitol van ez, 
az ozontol-e.....

kicsit nehezen irom ezt, mert a vilagert sem akarom megbantani az 
illetot.  sokat beszelgettunk, amibol egyeertelmuen kiderult, milyen 
muvelt es tajekozott minden teren.  en ezt egyertelmuen a magyar oktatasi 
rendszer es media qdarcanak tulajdonitom.  es igazsag szerint eleg sokkot 
okozott nekem az, hogy magyarorszagon ennyire veszes a kornyezeti 
tajekozatlansag.  azt mindig tudtam, hogy az edesanyam generaciojanak a 
tema teljesen szuz, es hogy az en kozegem (foleg egyetemet 
vegzett hasonlo koruak) pedig foleg vagy elnezoen mosolyog, vagy 
szarkasztiqs megjegyzeseket tesz, ha kornyezeti tajakra terelodoik a 
beszelgetes.      

mikor kb. egy eve egyszer otthon voltam, visszamentem jo oreg fiziqs 
tanszekeimre.  persze kerdeztek, mi van velem, mit teszek.  mikor 
mondtam, hogy berkeleyben PhDzem, elismeroen bolintottak, es 
megkerdeztek, milyen temaban.  mikor mondtam, hogy 
kornyezettudomany-energia6ekonysag, akkor az arcukon egy 'JAUUUGY! az mas.'- 
mosoly mosta le az elismero kifejezest. talan valaki ki is mondta: 
'szoval otthagytad a tudomanyt'.  

nem annyira a presztizsveszteseg erdekel (mert azert valahol magamban is 
icipicit presztizs'vesztes'nek erzem), hanem az ezek altal indikalt 
altalanos kornyezeti tudat/hozzaallas, informaltsag.  januartol otthon 
fogok dolgozni, es pont ezeknek az orvosoknak, fiziqsoknak, mernokoknek 
es kozgarazdaknak a szakertelmere, kozremukodesere lesz szuksegem ahhoz, 
hogy ertelmes, hasznos munkat tudjak vegezni.  egy kicsit most megijedtem. 

nektek mi a tapasztalatotok, velemenyetek az otthoni kornyezeti 
informaltsaggal, hozzaallassal kapcsolatban?  a nem-kornyesz kollegaitok 
hogy allnak hozzatok?  es mennyi az alap-informaltsaga egy otthoni atlag 
nem-kornyesznek?  pl, tizbol hany atlag egyetemet vegzettnek van fogalma 
arrol, hogy mi az ozonproblema, es mitol van a globalis felmelegedes?  
mennire fogadjak/ismerik el a munkatokat?  erzitek-e neha, hogy ha egy 
temaban kornyezeti erveket vettek fel, pillanatok alatt ratok sutik a 
'zold' belyeget, es beraknak egy skatulyaba, fuggetlenul attol, hogy 
igazabol mi is a velemenyetek? 

aggodva es remenykedve:

diana

Global Satellite and Environmental Data
    Available from NASA's Mission to Planet Earth Program

The Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at Goddard Space Flight Center
gives away data for studying and learning about Earth's atmospheric dynamics,
upper atmosphere, oceans, and vegetation. You can use these data to study


     * greenhouse global warming
     * deforestation and desertification and their role in
       climate change
     * ozone depletion
     * El Nino effect on weather and climate
     * impact of volcano eruptions on ozone concentration
     * the role of oceans in global climate

and more. Goddard DAAC products are provided at no cost and are many 
available

ON LINE from our World Wide Web (WWW) site:

      URL:  http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Our Help Desk will answer your questions!

          address:  GSFC DAAC User Services
                    NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
                    Code 902.2
                    Greenbelt, MD 20771
          email:    
          voice:    301-286-3209 (9-5 Eastern, Monday-Friday)
          fax:      301-286-0268

You can order any product listed below by putting an X between the brackets
([x]) and e-mailing the following portion back to us.

 82P[ ] The DAAC Starter Kit containing:

        "The Goddard DAAC: A Source for Global Earth Science Data"
        The Goddard DAAC Periodic Newsletter, "Data Streams"
        The Goddard DAAC data parameter table

        Optionally, the following information about our data is also 
available

        (Please check all data sets of interest):

    92P[ ] Goddard Data Assimilation Office (DAO) 5-year 4-Dimensional
               Assimilation data, containing global surface and upper air 
wind,

               temperature, water vapor, and radiation parameters.
        93P[ ] Nimbus-7 Level 3 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data:
               global ozone concentrations and reflectivity.
        94P[ ] Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) Imagery: full and
               reduced resolution radiances, pigment and chlorophyll
               concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient, water-
               leaving and aerosol radiances.
        95P[ ] Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
               Land Level 3 Data: Daily and 10-day Normalized Difference
               Vegetation Index (NDVI) produced with improved algorithms
               from the original AVHRR radiance data.
        96P[ ] Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Pathfinder Data Set:

               Temperature and water vapor profile produced from calibrated
               satellite radiance data as well as rawindsonde, buoy and 
ground

               data.
        98P[ ] Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere - Coupled Ocean Atmosphere
               Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) Field Observations: Tropical
               Pacific air-sea interaction, radiation and cloud parameters.
        99P[ ] Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Level 3 Data
Products:
               global maps and profiles of ozone and other constituents, wind

               velocity and solar irradiance.
    10P[ ] Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment (GEDEX): Contains data
               sets considered directly or indirectly relevant to the study
               of the Greenhouse Effect, including temperature, solar
               irradiance, atmospheric constituents, cloud, and radiation
               budget data.
    11P[ ] Interdisciplinary Data Collection:  Eight catagories of data
               including atmospheric constituents, atmospheric dynamics,
               atmospheric sounding, biospheric, hydrology, solar energy
               input, surface temperature, and other miscellaneous data sets
               mapped to a common grid, and orientation.

 22C[ ] The GEDEX CD-ROM Set
        The Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment (GEDEX) data collection
        contains over 60 data sets with parameters relevant to greenhouse
        gas effect research (surface and upper air temperature, solar
        irradiances, radiation budget, clouds, and greenhouse gases). Many
        data sets are available for a 10 year period spanning the 1980s.
        Depending on the data set, coverage is global, regional, or local.

 26C[ ] ISLSCP CD-ROM Set
        The International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
        Initiative I - Global Data Sets for Land-Atmosphere Models, data
        collection contains vegetation and biophysics, hydrology, near
        surface meteorology, radiation, soils, snow, and ice parameters.
        Monthly, monthly-6 hourly, and some 6-hourly data are available
        globally for 1987 through 1988 on a common 1-degree grid.

 12P[ ] Most Recent Copy of the Earth Observing System bimonthly newsletter,
        "The Earth Observer"

 91P[ ] Most Recent Copy of the Goddard DAAC Periodic Newsletter, "Data
        Streams"

101P[ ] NASA Fact Sheets from the Science Office, covering:
          * volcanos and global climate change
          * El Nino
          * clouds and the energy cycle
          * global warming
          * polar ice
          * biosphere
          * ozone: what is it and why do we care about it

 42P[ ] "Producing a CD-ROM: A Workbook":  This workbook describes the step-
        by-step procedures used to produce a Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
        (CD-ROM) product.  It is designed to help you understand the process
        of creating a CD-ROM and the decisions that you must make during
        preparation.

 44P[ ] "Data and Information Services for Global Change Research: EOSDIS
        Distributive Active Archive Centers"  Comprised of a brief 
description

        of all the Distributive Active Archive Centers within the EOS 
Data and

        Information System (EOSDIS).

IMPORTANT:  Please mark your choices, include your name, complete mailing
            address, daytime phone, fax, email, affiliation, and send this
            back to 

            The Goddard DAAC Mission

The Goddard DAAC's mission is to maximize the investment benefit of the 
Mission to Planet Earth by providing data and services that help people 
fully realize the scientific and educational potential of global climate 
data.

JOB OPENING - FALL 1996
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
          SWEET BRIAR COLLEGE

     We are looking for a person with broad training in environmental
issues and an enthusiasm for teaching undergraduates, to direct and
assume primary teaching responsibility for an Environmental Studies
program.  The multidisciplinary program offers a minor encompassing
environmental policy, economics, science, and ethics.  The appointee,
the sole full-time faculty member in Environmental Studies, will work
with an advisory committee and will be encouraged to involve faculty
from other departments in the program.

     We especially invite applicants whose research and teaching
interests will take advantage of our setting and size.  Sweet Briar
College is a selective liberal arts and sciences college for women
in the rural foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.  Enrollment is
approximately 580 full-time students, with a student:faculty ratio
of 8:1.  Surrounding the academic campus, the College owns and
manages 3300 acres of agricultural lands, hardwood and pine forests,
lakes, nature sanctuaries, and residential areas.  It is close to
the Washington and Jefferson National Forests and the James River, and
150 miles from Washington, D.C.

      A joint appointment in a department close to the successful
candidate's area of specialization is possible.  The initial appointment
will be for two years, beginning 1 August 1996.  The contract is
renewable for up to four additional years.

QUALIFICATIONS:  Applicants with training and experience in any environmental
discipline are encouraged to apply.  The Ph.D. is strongly preferred,
as is prior teaching experience at the undergraduate level.  If the
successful candidate has not yet received the Ph.D., the appointment
will be made at the Instructor level; the appointee must complete the
Ph.D. within two years to be eligible for contract renewal.

APPLICATIONS:  Submit a cover letter, curriculum vitae, and a syllabus
with your ideas for teaching an introductory environmental studies lecture
course and/or a senior seminar; and arrange to have three letters of
reference sent to:
                  Dr. Linda S. Fink
                  P.O. Box BF
                  Sweet Briar College
                  Sweet Briar VA 24595
email  for information only; no email applications

               APPLICATION DEADLINE IS 15 JANUARY 1996

Sweet Briar College is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer

  wrote:
>   *** Zarojelben Szilveszternek ***    Hasonlitsd ossze
>    egy dolomit sziklagyep diverzitasindexet fenyvesites elott es utan.

Persze, de sajnos meg mindig nem tudom hogy miert annyi elotte es
utana.Mondjuk az utanarol meg van az embernek sejtese, de azt latja
sajnos midenfajta indexszamolas nelkul is. De ehhez kapcsolodoan
(marmint a fasitashoz) masik, amitol gutautest kapok, hogy itt a
Balatonfelvideken egymas utan privatizaljak a foldeket, amin osgyep
van mar ugyszinten gondolom nehany szaz, avagy ezer eve. Namost ezeket
faszan felszantjak manapsag, persze teremni nem fog rajta semmi. Majd
ugyhagyjak, aztan no rajta fuzfa meg mindenfajta gyom. Most Aszofonel
keritettek be es telepitettek be loval (igaz az nem fa :-) egy olyan
gyepet, ahol eddig mindenfajta kosbor nott. Na mostmar nem fog, de
lesz harom lovardank a turistaknak egymastol nehany kilometerre .

Szilva

Ja, most volt itt egy norveg tarsasag, es panaszkodtak, hogy micsoda
tavaik vannak, van olyan, ami annyira eutrof, hogy aka 7-10ug/l a
klorofill maximuma benne. A Balatonban ez ugy 250 ug/l klorofill-A
Keszthelynel es 90 ug/l Siofoknal, igaz, a legnagyobb viragzas idejen.
Na es ez az alga meg toxikus is lehet (az ellenkezoje meg nem
bizonyitott, de vanna ra utalo jelek, hogy az :-(

Kedves Feher Zoli,

Miutan tenyleg nem vagyok szakember, valoszinuleg sok mindent el tudnak
velem hitetni a szakemberek es "szakemberek" egyarant, elismerem. Had
szivoskodjak laikuskent egy kicsit.

Azt irod, hogy minek betelepiteni lombos erdovel olyan teruletet, amit a
termeszet sem tudott erdositeni 10 ezer ev alatt sem. Nem ismerem a Pilis
foldrajzi tortenetet, de biztos, hogy soha nem volt ott erdo. Te is emli-
ted a Balkant, tudjuk, hogy Gorogorszagot, a Dinari-hegyseget, de Libanont
is a foniciai/gorog/romai/velencei hajoepites miatti fakitermeles csupa-
szitotta le az utobbi 4-5 ezer evben. Utana jottek a kecskek, majd az
erozio. Nem lehetseges, hogy a Pilis "piliset" (aki nem tudna, ez a szer-
zetesek leborotvalt fejtetojenek neve) mi is a romaiaknak koszonhetjuk,
akik mondjuk a fat a limeszbe epitettek be ? Ez persze csak felteves.

Az biztos, hogy a honfoglalas ota is sok erdot kivagtunk, sot idegen fa-
jokat is megtelepitettunk. Ilyen az akac is, ami ma mar mezforraskent,
nyarsvesszokent es epuletfakent nelkulozhetetlen, mivel szagtalan, kemeny,
kopasallo (lepcsonek, aknafedelnek kituno) es gyorsabban no, mint a nemes
tolgy, azonkivul azt a homokot is megkoti, ami ugyancsak az emberi teve-
kenyseg kovetkezmenye (erdoirtas, mocsarak lecsapolasa).

Ha vedjem meg a Parkerdogazdasag igazgatojat annyiban, hogy o nem azt
mondta, hamarosan humszgazdag tolgyes virul majd a feketefenyo helyen,
hanem, hogy 30-40 ev multaval lehet az elso tolgycsemeteket beultetni,
evtizedek alatt lecserelni az allomanyt, majd varni, hogy a tolgyes fel-
nojon, onallo eletre keljen. Aki ezt turelemmel, higgadtan olvassa, az
megerti, hogy ez egy ketszaz eves program.

Meg annyit, hogy nem ismerem az illetot, sot az egesz erdogazdasaghoz
sincs semmilyen, barati, rokoni vagy egyeb lobbikozom, a szubjektivitasom
annyi, hogy az erdot jobban szeretem a mezonel. Huvosebb, sejtelmesebb,
rejtekadobb.

Hidas Pal